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1. St Peter, Aldwincle, Northamptonshire, England

Parish church
St Peter's has an aisled and clerestoreyed nave with three-bay N and south arcades. All the arches of both arcades are pointed with two deeply chamfered orders. These are probably 14thc., but the south arcade's cylindrical piers with moulded and nailhead capitals are 13thc. in date. The N arcade is entirely 14thc., except for one cylindrical pier with a green man capital, which is 12thc. This is the only Romanesque piece in the church. The nave has 14thc. N and S doorways, the S under a 14thc. porch. The chancel and its arch are 14thc., with some 14thc. glass in the south windows. The W tower is 14thc., with diagonal buttresses, reticulated bell-openings and a corbel table. The broach spire above has three rows of lucarnes.
2. St Andrew, Arthingworth, Northamptonshire, England

Parish church
St Andrew's has a nave with a S aisle but curiously a clerestorey on the N side only. The S arcade is of three bays and partly 12thc., but with one 19thc. pier. The nave has a 19thc. S doorway under a 19thc. porch. The chancel and its arch date from 1872, but to the S is a large late-13thc. chapel with a two-bay arcade. It now houses the organ and vestry. The W tower is of four storeys, Perpendicular in style and in fact for its lower storeys, although the upper parts are 19thc. Construction is of rough stone blocks except for the ashlar tower. The only Romanesque feature is the S arcade.
3. St John the Baptist, Barnack, Northamptonshire, England

Parish church
St John the Baptist's church has an early 11thc. W tower with an octagonal upper storey and broach spire of c. 1200, an 11thc. nave to which aisles were added, the N in the late 12thc. and the S, along with its porch, in the 13thc. The chancel has a 12thc. N chapel and a broad S chapel (the Walcot Chapel) of c. 1500. The chancel was lengthened and a wider chancel arch built c. 1300. Shortly afterwards the E part of the S nave aisle was widened to form a chapel, and the N chancel chapel was also rebuilt at this time, with a vestry added to the E of it. There was a major restoration in 1853-55, which included the removal of a 13thc. wall blocking the tower arch and the strengthening of the tower walls with iron bands. In the 1935-37 restoration these bands were removed and a number of openings unblocked.
4. Holy Trinity, Blatherwycke, Northamptonshire, England

Parish church (redundant)
The church is set in woodland, alongside the stables of Blatherwycke Hall (the house was demolished in 1948). The nave has an early 12thc. S doorway, and must date from that time. A two-bay N aisle has been added, the arcade of c.1200 but the aisle itself widened in the 19thc. There is no clerestorey, but the interior is bright owing to the large 14thc. windows in the S wall. The chancel has a three-bay N aisle, the arcade 13thc. The W tower is slender and unbuttressed, dating from early in the 12thc. The plain W doorway and plain windows in the N, Sand W walls (not described) attest to this, as does the E bell-opening (the rest are later). Construction is of grey stone blocks, roughly shaped and coursed.
5. St Laurence, Brafield-on-the-Green, Northamptonshire, England

Parish church
St Laurence's has a three-bay aisled nave without clerestoreys. The N aisle and arcade date from 1850, the S has elaborately carved 12th-13thc. capitals, at the very least heavily restored in the 19thc., carried on piers of a variety of forms. The arches above are 13thc. The chancel was rebuilt by J. M. Derrick in 1848, with no chapels or vestries. The W tower is 12thc. in its lower stages, with a plain 12thc. doorway to the S, but heavy buttresses and a top storey were added, probably in the 15thc. In 1999 a kitchen and lavatory block was added to the N of the tower, communicating with the N aisle. The church also contains a font, stylistically 12thc. but suspiciously crisp and regularly carved.
6. St Andrew, Brigstock, Northamptonshire, England

Parish church (benefice of Brigstock with Stanion and Lowick and Sudborough)
Brigstock is toward the N of the county, 6 miles NE of Kettering. It is a substantial village lying in the valley of Harper's Brook, a tributary of the river Nene. The settlement is an ancient one, and a good deal of Roman material has been found around the village. It is within Rockingham forest; a royal hunting ground created by William I, but by no means entirely wooded even then. The church is in the centre of the village, alongside the brook. St Andrew's has a tall 11thc. nave with a blocked window remaining in the N wall. N and S aisles have been added, with three-bay arcades; the two western bays of the N arcade 12thc., the E bay and the entire S arcade are 14thc. The S doorway is of c.1200, under a Perpendicular porch. The chancel arch is tall and Perpendicular, but the chancel itself has a N chapel with a two-bay 13thc. arcade and a S chapel now housing the organ. The N chapel contains the tomb of Robert Vernon, first Baron Lyveden (d.1873) with a marble effigy. The nave aisles extend westward alongside the tower, and it is this for which the church is known. The tower arch is tall and round-headed; the tower originally short and of rubble with long-and-short quoins. There is a rough round-headed window high on the N face. A round stair turret is attached to the W wall, entered from within by a triangular-headed doorway. A completely plain round-headed arch, probably 12thc., links the tower and the N aisle extension. To the 11thc. tower has been added a 14thc. storey of ashlar and a broach spire with three rows of lucarnes. The church was restored by Carpenter (1876-77). The tower arch is described here, although it is probably pre-Conquest. Also recorded are the 12thc. parts of the N arcade and the S doorway.
7. St Mary, Burton Latimer, Northamptonshire, England

Parish church
St Mary's is a substantial church with an aisled and clerestoreyed nave, a late-13thc. chancel (restored in 1866-68) with a S vestry of 1882 and an octagonal parish room added to the S of this in 1984, and a 13thc. W tower with a 14thc. embattled parapet and spire. Pevsner's analysis suggests that the original church was cruciform, on the basis of the nook-shafted respond of N arcade, pier 3. The tower and spire were entirely rebuilt in 1866-68 by W. Slater, and the rest of the church restored. Romanesque interest centres on the nave arcades, each of six bays with part of a seventh at the W. The three E bays of both arcades are of c.1300, with tall pointed arches and quatrefoil piers. Then, on the S the three and a half western bays, with their round-headed arches, and the three western piers, cylindrical with scallop capitals, are all 12thc. The N arcade is more complex, since only bay 4 is round-headed, and the western bays are pointed with 13thc. stiff-leaf capitals. Pevsner described the exterior as 'much too restored'.
8. St Andrew, Cranford, Northamptonshire, England

Parish church
St Andrew's has a nave with a N aisle, the plain three-bay arcade dating from c.1200. A N transept was added in 1847 to house a Robinson family pew. The chancel has chapels to N and south; the N now housing the organ, and the S monuments of the Robinsons. The W tower is late-13thc. in its lower parts, including an elaborate W doorway and the bell-openings. It was heightened and battlements added in the 14thc. Only the N arcade is described below. The two Cranford churches were united under a single rector in 1841, and in 1954 St Andrew's became a chapel-of-ease to St John's. It passed into the care of the Churches Conservation Trust in 1996.
9. St John the Baptist, Cranford, Northamptonshire, England

Parish church
St John's has a clerestoreyed nave with three-bay aisles, the N arcade with a short 12thc. W bay separated from the eastern part of the arcade by a short length of wall. The two E bays are also round-headed, with stiff-leaf capitals of c.1200. The S nave arcade is round-headed too, but the capitals and the aisle date from the restoration of 1842. The chancel has N and S chapels; the N, of two bays has an arcade of c.1300, and is now used for a crèche and vestry. The S of one bay, housing the organ, is 19thc. Both nave doorways are under porches, but the N porch has been extended eastwards and converted for use as a kitchen and lavatories. The W tower is 13thc. in its lower parts, with 14thc. bell-openings and added diagonal buttresses, and a quatrefoil frieze and embattled parapet added at the top. The only feature described below is the N nave arcade.
10. All Saints, Croughton, Northamptonshire, England

Parish church
All Saints' is a stone rubble church with an aisled and clerestoreyed nave, chancel and W tower. The N nave arcade has three late-12thc. bays and a half-bay added at the E end in the 13thc. The 13thc. S arcade covers the same distance in three slightly wider bays. In both arcades the arches are inaccurately positioned on their piers; this is especially marked on pier 2 south and pier 3 north. The clerestorey is a 14thc. addition, and there are N and S doorways under porches. There is no chancel arch, but the chancel may date from c.1300 and has a N chapel (now housing the organ) and vestry. The three-storey west tower is short and unbuttressed. Its arch is late 12thc. but all its windows and its doorway were replaced in the early 14thc. The font is a 13thc. piece, apparently recarved in the 15thc. and again in the 19thc. (Pevsner). A photograph is included but no description. Features described here are the N arcade and the tower arch.
11. St Mary the Virgin, Culworth, Northamptonshire, England

Parish church
St Mary's stands to the south of a motte ringed by a ditch. It has a clerestoreyed, aisled nave with three-bay arcades. The aisles have been extended westwards alongside the west tower. The chancel was rebuilt in 1840 with a north chapel now housing the organ, and a north vestry to the east of that. The nave arcades are late 12thc., although the pointed, chamfered arches appear later than the piers and their capitals. Both arcades have 19thc. labels with figural label stops. The lower part of the tower and its arch, and the extensions to the aisles are c.1300, and the upper storeys of the tower and the nave clerestorey are Perpendicular. The S nave doorway is under a porch. Construction is of ashlar and roughly shaped, coursed stone. There was a general restoration in c.1880 by E. B. Law. The only Romanesque work is in the nave arcades.
12. St Mary, Duddington, Northamptonshire, England

Parish church
St Mary's has a nave with three-bay aisles and a clerestorey. The two E bays of the N arcade are round-headed with scallop capitals and chevron on the arches, c.1150-70. The corresponding bays on the S are slightly later, with waterleaf and chamfered arch orders. The third bay on each side is an addition of c.1225. The tower stands at the E end of the S aisle, the bay below it now housing the organ. It is later 12thc. in its lower parts, with a simple S doorway and a plain window above. The S nave doorway is late 12thc. and stands under a porch. The N porch has been blocked and converted into a vestry. The chancel is described by Pevsner as 'an over-restoration of 1844.' Romanesque sculpture is found in the E bays of both arcades, the two S doorways and the S tower window.
13. St Luke, Duston, Northamptonshire, England

Parish church
St Luke's was originally a cruciform church and retains its central tower. The form of the original nave is visible on the W facade, and apparently had no aisles. The nave has N and S aisles, extended eastwards to subsume the former transepts, providing N and S chapels. The N chapel now houses lavatories and a kitchen, and the S is used as a vestry. The crossing has narrow arches to N and S, and broader, taller ones to E and W. All four are apparently 14thc., as is the upper part of the tower, although the lower storey may be 12thc. The nave has a clerestorey on the S side only, and there are N and S doorways in the aisles, the S early 13thc. under a porch, and the W windows are also 13thc. work. The three-bay nave arcades and the aisle windows date from c.1300, but the W respond of the S arcade is 12thc. An altar has been installed at the W end of the nave in addition to that at the E end of the chancel, to make St Luke's a double-ended church with the two liturgical spaces separated by the crossing. The font is 12thc.
14. St Nicholas, Eydon, Northamptonshire, England

Parish church
St Nicholas's has an aisled nave with no clerestorey. The S arcade is taller than the N and is entirely the work of R. C. Hussey (1864-65). Hussey's work dominates the N arcade too, but pier 3 of the four-bay arcade is original work of c.1200. The N aisle has been extended eastwards to form a chapel alongside the chancel, with a two-bay arcade between it and the chancel itself. This work is 14thc., as are the chancel and its arch and piscina. The west tower is early 14thc., to judge from the doorway and tower arch. The N nave doorway has been blocked and the S has a porch. Construction is of ashlar. Romanesque interest centres on the font; a spectacularly ugly piece, elaborately, if inaccurately carved, with similarities to the Buckinghamshire group.
15. St Mary Magdalene, Geddington, Northamptonshire, England

Parish church
Geddington is famous above all for the Eleanor Cross in the centre of the village. St Mary Magdalene lies just to the NE. Its nave is Anglo-Saxon, with arcaded decoration surviving on what was originally an exterior wall in the N aisle. Both faces of a splayed window pierced in this wall in the 12thc. can still be seen. The wall was pierced again for an arcade when an aisle was added in the late 12thc. The arcade is of 2½ bays, and Pevsner suggests that the original intention was to extend the nave to the E, pulling down the Anglo-Saxon E wall, but this was not done. By the time the S aisle was added in the 13thc., any such intention had been abandoned, since its arcade is of three complete pointed bays. The chancel was rebuilt later in the 13thc. and remodelled in the 14thc. This remodelling included the addition of the S chapel, and appears to be dated 1369 by inscription. Stylistically this seems 50 years too late - Pevsner goes into detail on this issue. There is also a N chapel - now housing the organ. The W tower is Perpendicular, with a spire with two rows of lucarnes. The only Romanesque sculpture is in the N arcade, and in loose stones clearly replaced from that arcade during a restoration.
16. St Leonard, Glapthorn, Northamptonshire, England

Chapel of Ease
St Leonard's has a four-bay clerestoreyed nave, the arcades divided into two two-bay sections by a short stretch of wall. In the N arcade all the arches are pointed and the capitals moulded; in the S the E bays are similar, but the W bays have round arches. Nevertheless both arcades are 13thc., but for two features. The base of N pier 3 is a reused, inverted multi-scallop pier capital (or, as Pevsner suggests, a pair of respond capitals), and chevron voussoirs have been cut down for reuse in the E arches of the S arcade. For the rest, the chancel is 13thc. and there is a low W tower, late 13thc. in its lower parts and Perpendicular above.
17. St James, Grafton Underwood, Northamptonshire, England

Parish church
St James's has a nave with three-bay N and S aisles, the N arcade late 12thc., the S c.1200. The chancel and its arch are 13thc. and there is a N chapel. The E end of the chancel is all 14thc., so it may have been extended. At the W end is a 13thc. tower with a recessed Perpendicular spire with two rows of lucarnes. A stained glass window at the E end of the S aisle was dedicated in 1983 to the 384th(H) Bombardment Group of the 8th US Airforce, which was stationed at Grafton Airfield during World War II. The nave arcades are the only Romanesque features.
18. St Andrew, Great Billing, Northamptonshire, England

Parish church
St Andrew's has a clerestoreyed nave with four-bay N and S aisles. Of these, only pier 2 of the N arcade is 12thc., so the original nave was probably only two bays long. This was extended W and E in the later 13thc. or early 14thc., and the lower parts of the tower and the chancel date from this period. A chapel was added to the N of the chancel in 1687. The rest of the chancel was largely rebuilt by E. F. Law in 1867. The tower had a spire that fell in 1759, and the upper parts were rebuilt shortly afterwards, along with parts of the nave damaged by the collapse. The only Romanesque feature is in the N nave arcade.
19. St Mary, Grendon, Northamptonshire, England

Parish church
St Mary's has an aisled and clerestoreyed nave with four-bay arcades. In each arcade the two western bays are 12thc., and the two eastern bays 14thc. The short 12thc. nave seems to have been lengthened eastwards in the 14thc., and the clerestorey was added at that time. There are two doorways: the 12thc. S doorway is elaborate and protected by a porch; the 13thc. N doorway very plain and unprotected. The chancel and its arch are also 14thc. The W tower is 15thc. (money was left for the fabric of the 'campanile' in 1453) and of five storeys, the two lowest with ashlar bocks in alternately brown ironstone and grey limestone courses. Above this the ashlar is newer and appears 19thc. The clock is dated 1862. The nave, aisles and chancel are faced in stone rubble. Romanesque sculpture is found in the W bays of both arcades and the S doorway.
20. St James the Great, Gretton, Northamptonshire, England

Parish church (benefice of Gretton with Rockingham and Cottingham with East Carlton)
Gretton is a village in NW Northamptonshire, on high ground overlooking the river Welland that flows a mile to the W and forms the border with Rutland. It is a substantial village in the Rockingham forest, a royal hunting ground created by William I, but by no means entirely wooded even then. The church is on its northern edge. St James's has a 12thc. nave (one original window visible in each side wall), with aisles added later in the century - the N earlier than the S but not by much. The arcades are two bays long, but the arches to the N and S transepts, dating from the 13thc., add an extra bay at the E, and a narrow W bay with steeply pointed arches connects the nave to the Perpendicular W tower. The clerestorey is a later addition (RCHME suggests that much of it dates from the 1893 restoration). The N doorway is blocked; the S is under a porch. The 14thc. chancel is distinguished by a four-light E window with reticulated tracery, reset at some stage with its sill shortened, so that the lights are distorted. The chancel was raised on four steps in the 18thc. to provide a vault for the Hatton family. The exterior is faced with grey rubble laid in courses, except the tower, which is of ironstone ashlar. Romanesque sculpture is found in the nave arcades.
21. Holy Trinity, Hinton-in-the-Hedges, Northamptonshire, England

Parish church
The nave has areas of herringbone masonry in its W wall to either side of the tower, which suggests a date before c.1100. The tower itself is 12thc., unbuttressed and of rubble. Apart from the 12thc. features described here it has a plain round-headed window in the W wall, ground storey. A two-bay N aisle was added to the nave towards the end of the 12thc. The chancel is basically 13thc. but much restored. It has a N vestry. There was a major restoration by S. I. Neuman in 1976-90, but certainly a 19thc. one before that. Features included here are the tower bell-openings and corbels, the tower arch the N arcade, and a font that must be 13thc. but retains some 12thc. features.
22. St Peter, Isham, Northamptonshire, England

Parish church
St Peter's has a nave with N and S aisles of three bays. In each arcade the arches of the two W bays, and the westernmost pier and respond are 12thc. (the N stylistically earlier than the S); the eastern arch, pier 1 and the east respond belong to the later 13thc. The remodelling is visible on the outside too, with big ashlar blocks at clerestorey level at the west end and smaller, roughly-shaped blocks to the east. The clerestorey itself is 14thc. The chancel also belongs to the 13thc., and the nave aisles have been extended eastwards alongside it forming chapels; the S screened off as a vestry and the N walled off from the nave aisle. The N and S doorways are both protected by porches. The west tower has one 13thc. lancet, but is otherwise apparently of the early 14thc., with a Perpendicular parapet. 12thc. sculpture is found in the west bays of the arcades.
23. St John the Baptist, Kingsthorpe, Northamptonshire, England

Parish church
St John's has an early 12thc. nave to which three-bay aisles were added c.1170-80. One of the original nave windows is visible on either side. A clerestorey was added in the 14thc. The nave doorways are both 14thc., the N now leads to a modern octagonal parish room, while the S is under a porch. The chancel is 12thc. too; again one of the original windows is visible on the N, with a two-bay N aisle added at the same time as the nave aisles. It is possible, as Thorneycroft suggests, that there was a similar arrangement of the S side, but if so it is difficult to see why this was entirely rebuilt in the following century whereas the N arcade was simply augmented. At some time in the 13thc. the N aisle was extended by one bay, and a three-bay S aisle added. This is now a chapel, while its counterpart on the N is taken up by the organ and vestry. The chancel was lengthened in the later 14thc., and a crypt added under the extension. The west tower is 14thc. work, and refaced in its upper parts. It has an octagonal ashlar spire with three sets of lucarnes. There was a complete restoration in 1863, by Slater of Carlton Chambers, London. This included the replacement of the chancel arch and east wall, the rebuilding of the nave clerestorey and the N nave arcade, the rebuilding of the NE corner of the tower and west end of the north aisle, and the rebuilding of the south aisle wall on a new line. It was at this time that the original nave and chancel windows were rediscovered. Construction of the church is largely of ashlar. The Romanesque features recorded here are both nave arcades and the chancel N arcade.
24. St Peter and St Paul, King's Sutton, Northamptonshire, England

Parish church
The church has a tall W tower with a slender spire supported by delicate flying buttresses and decorated with pinnacles and crockets. This late 14thc. work, described by Pevsner as 'one of the finest, if not the finest, spire in this county of spires'. It was partly rebuilt in 1898 and repaired in 1968. To the W of the tower is a Perpendicular porch. The nave aisles extend W alongside the tower. The N nave arcade dates from around 1300, and the S arcade has the same tall, spacious proportions, but in this the piers and arches of a 12thc. arcade have been reused. The chancel arch is also c.1300, but the chancel itself is 12thc., with internal wall-arcading, much restored and with arches that are entirely 19thc., and an external corbel table, completely reset. The font is 12thc., simple and unusually wide.
25. St Peter, Maxey, Northamptonshire, England

Parish church
St Peter's has an early 12thc. nave and W tower. Aisles were added to the nave in the mid (N arcade) to late (S arcade) 12thc. The original clerestorey is still visible in the aisles, but the roof was raised and new windows installed in the 14thc. The top storey of the tower is 15thc. The chancel and its arch date from the 13thc., and there is a large N chapel, added in 1367. Attached to the S of the chancel is a 13thc. treasury. The church is faced with irregular ashlar blocks. Described here are the corbels, bell-openings and arcading of the tower, the tower arch and the nave arcades.
26. St Mary the Virgin, Moreton Pinkney, Northamptonshire, England

Parish church
St Mary's is a church of nave, chancel and W tower. The nave is aisled with three-bay arcades, the N late 12thc., the S 13thc. The roof has been heightened and there is a late medieval clerestorey. The chancel arch is 13thc. as is the chancel stylistically, but it was entirely rebuilt by Sir Henry Dryden in 1846. The tower is of three storeys, 13thc. except for the battlement. The N and S nave doorways are both under porches; the N doorway being contemporary with the N arcade and the N porch dated 1649. Construction is of stone rubble except for the clerestorey and the rebuilt chancel, both of ashlar. Romanesque features are the N doorway, N arcade and font.
27. St Peter and St Paul, Moulton, Northamptonshire, England

Parish church
The church has a complex building history, each phase of which has left traces in the fabric. The earliest discernable form is of an aisleless 12thc. nave (see the round-headed window scar in the N arcade wall above bay 2). The N wall was pierced for this four-bay arcade towards the end of the century, and a N aisle added. The arcade has round-headed, unchamfered arches and quatrefoil piers, but the lower parts of two of the piers are of a different form; one cylindrical and the other octagonal. Pevsner considers this to be a later encasing, designed to alter the arcade design but not completed. The alternative is that the more solid pier forms represent an earlier state of the arcade, but on balance Pevsner's explanation seems more likely, especially in view of the octagonal pier forms of the S arcade. This dates from after 1298, when a good deal of work was carried out (see VII History).
28. Holy Sepulchre, Northampton, Northamptonshire, England

Parish church
The core of the church is the original circular nave, now called the Round, with an annular aisle and an arcade supported on eight columns with early Romanesque capitals of various designs. The aisle wall retains one original respond with its capital. The columns now support chamfered pointed arches carrying an octagonal clerestorey wall pierced by square-headed double lights. This upper section belongs to a rebuilding of c.1375. To the E of the Round and reached by steps was originally the Romanesque unaisled chancel, terminating in an apse, and this remains as the nave and chancel of the present church. A two-bay N aisle was added to it c.1200. A second N aisle was added later, and in the 14thc. a S aisle was added. As it stands, therefore, the church has four parallel naves, terminating at their E ends with (from N to S) a vestry, the Chapel of St Thomas, the chancel with an apse, and the Chapel of St George, but it will be seen that much of the fabric is 19thc. At the W end, the original W doorway was demolished and a tower with a spire added in the 14thc. By the 17thc. only the Round was in regular use, and the rest of the church fell into disrepair. The choir and the outer N aisle were demolished. In 1851 the tower was struck by lightning, and in that year George Gilbert Scott was engaged to carry out a thorough restoration of the entire church. He rebuilt what had been lost, including the outer N aisle and the chancel with its flanking chapels, and the church was reopened in 1864. The vestry at the end of the N outer aisle was added in 1887. The Romanesque sculpture falls into two groups. The main arcade piers and their capitals belong to the original fabric of c.1110, as does the single remaining aisle wall vault respond. To these must be attached a small tympanum now set inside the aisle wall, and the corbels of the original chancel (now visible high on the inner walls of the S and inner N aisles). The N doorway of the Round is of c.1170-80.
29. St Peter, Northampton, Northamptonshire, England

Parish church
St Peter's is the finest 12thc. church in the county, and its capital sculpture is one of the highlights of the Romanesque in England. There is no structural division between nave and chancel, and the exterior treatment is uniform throughout the length of the building except for the low W tower. Nave and chancel are aisled and decorated externally at clerestorey level with blind arcading and a corbel table. Within there is no chancel arch; the division between nave and chancel being marked by a low step and the position of the choirstalls. The chancel arcades are of three bays, and both aisles are now used as vestries. In both nave and chancel the clerestorey windows are fairly regularly spaced, but their spacing is greater than a bay but less than two, so their positions vary in relation to the piers. The chancel has no provision for vaulting or roof support whereas in the nave every second pier has a respond on the nave side, running up the wall to a capital at the top, and a transverse arch respond on the aisle side. The nave aisle arches are gone now, but arch springings are sometimes visible. Intermediate piers are cylindrical. The nave arcades are five bays long (two and a half double bays), and the beginning of another bay at the W end of either arcade indicates that the nave was originally longer. It was shortened from six bays in the 17thc. when the W tower was rebuilt approximately 3m E of its original position. There are N and S nave doorways, the N under a porch.
30. St Pega, Peakirk, Northamptonshire, England

Parish church
St Pega's has a clerestoreyed nave with N and S aisles and W bell-cote, and a chancel with N chapel and vestry which together extend the N aisle to the E wall as the chancel. The nave is tall and narrow, with long-and-short quoins at the SW angle which suggest an 11thc. date. The N arcade dates from the 12thc., and the S arcade from the 13thc. The N chapel arch and the chancel arch are later 12thc, the latter perhaps in its lower parts only. The exterior is faced with ashlar blocks; regular in the S aisle, irregular elsewhere. Romanesque features are the nave doorways, the S elaborate and protected by a 14thc. porch, the N plain and unprotected; the N nave arcade, chancel arch and N chapel arch; the W bell-cote, and a loose capital now in the N aisle.
31. All Saints, Polebrook, Northamptonshire, England

Parish church
The church comprises an aisled nave, having a tower with a stone spire on its SW bay, N and S transepts and a square-ended chancel. Romanesque sculpture is found on the S doorway, the arches to the chancel and the N transept, the N nave arcade, and a length of string course and a corbel reused as a water spout on the N porch.
32. St Nicholas, Potterspury, Northamptonshire, England

Parish church
Potterspury church comprises a square, mid-15thc. W tower, a nave with N and S aisles and a square chancel. The three-bay nave arcades are largely 14thc., but the N arcade includes a circular pier with a scallop capital. A piscina and sedilia uncovered on the S side of the chancel in 1991 includes 13thc. waterleaf capitals sprouting crockets, cusped arches and dogtooth. This is too late for inclusion, but the N nave arcade, of the later 12thc., is described below. The church was restored in 1847-48 to designs by R. C. Hussey.
33. All Saints, Pytchley, Northamptonshire, England

Parish church (benefice of Isham with Pytchley)
Pytchley is a village in central Northamptonshire, 2 miles S of Kettering in undulating farmland. The village clusters round a crossing of minor roads with the church in the centre. All Saints' has a four-bay aisled nave with clerestoreys. The S arcade is all of the late 13thc., with pointed arches, quatrefoil piers and foliage capitals. The first two bays of the N arcade are similar in date, but bays 3 and 4 are 12thc. The N aisle has been widened, and has a small chapel or deep niche in its N wall. The 13thc. S doorway is under a porch. The chancel is broad and appears mostly 19thc., but the date 1755 inscribed on a buttress at the SE corner suggests that the E end is an earlier rebuild. There is a blocked 13thc. door in the N wall and 14thc. sedilia. The W tower was originally of three storeys, and of the late-12thc.-13thc. It was unbuttressed and of rubble with ironstone quoins. A clasping buttress was added at the SW angle, and iron clamps have been installed around the lower parts. The top storey had triple bell-openings, but these were blocked and a Perpendicular ashlar storey was added, with double bell-openings and a parapet with finials. The church was extensively restored in 1843 (chancel arch and E wall of the N aisle rebuilt) and 1861 (chancel renewed). The only Romanesque sculpture is in the N nave arcade.
34. St Andrew, Spratton, Northamptonshire, England

Parish church
St Andrew's has an aisled and clerestoreyed nave with four-bay arcades; the N of the late 12thc., the S 13thc. with pointed arches and moulded capitals. The N and S doorways are 12thc., the N doorway under a porch. The aisle windows are renewed in an early 14thc. style. At the E end of the nave, above the chancel arch, is a large blocked window, apparently 14thc. The chancel has 14thc. sedilia. On the N side of the chancel, and separated from it by a two-bay arcade, is a chapel added by John Chambre between 1495 and 1505, now housing the organ and a vestry. This extends the N nave aisle as far as the E end of the chancel, but is screened from it. There is a 12thc. W tower with a contemporary tower arch. It is of three storeys; the lowest containing an elaborate W doorway and a blind arcade on the W face only, the next decorated with blind arcading, and the topmost with double bell-openings flanked by blind arches and a corbel table at the top. The belfry-stage lancets are Scott's replacements of Decorated windows (see Parker). It has a later recessed spire behind a battlemented parapet. The church was restored by Scott before 1849.
35. St Michael and All Angels, Sutton, Northamptonshire, England

Parish church
St Michael's has an early 12thc. nave with a 13thc. bell-cote on the W gable. A S aisle with a two-bay arcade was added at the end of the 12thc., and the nave was heightened and a clerestorey added in the 15thc. The chancel arch is a fine piece by the Castor workshop. To the S of the chancel is a large 13thc. chapel converted to house the organ, and vestry. Construction is of coursed irregular blocks of Barnack limestone. The chancel and S aisle were restored in 1865-68. In addition to the chancel arch the church has a set of 12thc. corbels set high in the S wall of the nave, a small doorway reset in the S aisle wall, and inside a recumbent lion, perhaps from an elaborate doorway.
36. St Mary, Tansor, Northamptonshire, England

Parish church
St Mary's has an aisled nave with a clerestorey. The nave is more or less rectangular in plan, but the arcades to N and S are differently treated. On the S are five uneven bays; the two western bays round-headed and the remainder pointed. The N arcade piers are more regularly spaced, i.e they are entirely out of step with those on the S. In the N there are three round-headed bays at the W end, then two full-sized pointed bays and a short pointed bay, leading to a vestry and partly blocked with a later doorway inserted. These different arrangements bring the two arcades to roughly the same point, and here the aisleless chancel starts, although there is no masonry chancel arch. The liturgical arrangements have been altered at some time, and a chancel step built right across the nave at S pier 1, which is part-way along the first full-sized bay on the north. This bay now houses the organ, and the liturgical changes have brought it into the chancel. The chancel is short and square-ended, substantially 13thc., although on its E wall are the remains of an earlier round-headed window. The W tower arch is 12thc., but a pointed arch has been inserted to reduce its size. The tower itself has a tall lower storey of rubble with plain 12thc. windows, and to which a 13thc. storey has been added. There are N and S nave doorways, both under 19thc. porches. Romanesque work is found in the nave arcades, the tower arch, the N nave doorway and a piscina set in the S nave aisle. The church was restored by Ewan Christian in 1885-87 (N and S porches, N aisle wall), and by H. F. Traylen and F. J. Lenton in 1933-35 (tower).
37. St Lawrence, Towcester, Northamptonshire, England

Parish church
St Lawrence's is a large ironstone church with a tall W tower, a clerestoreyed and aisled nave with four-bay arcades, and a chancel with N and S chapels and a N vestry. The S chapel contains the tomb of William Sponne (d.1448); the N now houses the organ. None of this is earlier than the 13thc. (the chapel arcades); the tower is Perpendicular and the windows 14thc.-15thc. Earlier material has been reused, however. Two elaborately-carved 12thc. shafts have been incorporated into the (largely 19thc.) chancel arch; three of the capitals of the nave arcades are recycled 12thc. pieces; and several chevron voussoirs have been incorporated into the masonry above the arcade in the S aisle.
38. St Edmund, Warkton, Northamptonshire, England

Parish church
St Edmund's has an aisled and clerestoreyed nave with two-bay arcades. The tall 15thc. W tower has clasping buttresses and a battlemented parapet. Both nave aisles were extended to the W alongside the tower in 1996-97, to provide offices and a kitchen, and the S aisle was also extended at the E end around the same time, for a vestry. The N aisle had already been extended to the E before 1709 for a Montagu family vault. The nave arcades are 12thc. and very plain, but the pier capitals may be 13thc. Bridges (1791) described a church with a 13thc. chancel and chancel arch, but by the time his work was published it had been overtaken by events. In 1748, John, 2nd Duke of Montagu, replaced the chancel with the present broad Palladian structure, dominated on the exterior by the great E window and on the interior by four enormous Montagu tombs, two of them by L. F. Roubiliac. The chancel was almost separated from the nave by a wall blocking the 13thc. chancel arch, leaving only a small entrance arch. At the same time, most of the windows in the church were replaced, and box pews were added together with a W gallery. The church was restored from 1867-74 when a vestry was added at the E end of the S aisle, and the pews and the old gallery removed (the present gallery dates from 1978). The chancel arch was opened up, and the 13thc. arch rediscovered. It was in such a poor state of repair, however, that it was decided to replace it with the present copy. Duke John's Palladian windows were replaced in a late Perpendicular style, except for the great E window. The chancel was restored in 1981. The 13thc. font was discovered at that time in a field nearby. The only elements considered here are the nave arcades.
39. St Mary the Blessed Virgin, Warmington, Northamptonshire, England

Parish church
St Mary's has an aisled and clerestoreyed nave, the arcades of five bays and now on very tall piers; octagonal on the N side and cylindrical on the S. The piers and the pointed arches date from well into the 13thc., but most of the capitals are reused 12thc. pieces. The remodelling of the arcade is contemporary with the aisle windows, which are also slightly earlier on the S. Both nave doorways are 13thc. and set under 13thc. vaulted porches, but the S is larger and more elaborately carved. The chancel has a Perpendicular S chapel, now used for the organ. The W tower is of three storeys with a broach spire, and largely belongs to the second half of the13thc. Construction is of coursed stone rubble, with ashlar for the top storey of the tower, the spire and the S chapel. The church was restored by Sir George Gilbert Scott in 1875-76. 12thc. sculpture is found in the nave arcade capitals and possibly also in reset corbels high on the interior aisle walls.
40. St Mary, Whittlebury, Northamptonshire, England

Parish church (benefice of Silverstone and Abthorpe with Slapton and Whittlebury and Paulerspury). Formerly a dependent chapel of Green's Norton.
Whittlebury is a village in the S of the county, a mile from the Buckinghamshire border on the A413 road from Buckingham to Towcester. A large part of the medieval parish was occupied by Whittlewood Forest, where assarting was recorded as early as the 13thc. and probably took place before that. Remains of the forest are mostly to the S and E, forming a ring of discrete woods and copses. The settlement itself was centred on the area of the church, at the N end of the modern village, where finds by the Whittlewood Project indicate Iron Age habitation. The church consists of a 12thc.-13thc. W tower, an aisled nave with no clerestorey, offset from the line of the tower and a square-ended chancel, largely of 1878. Pevsner describes the church as "restored beyond redemption", but it retains some Romanesque features. A datestone suggests that the N aisle was rebuilt in 1638. The church was repaired and refurnished in 1832, and a vestry was added in 1850. The entire church was restored in 1878. The tower arch is included here, although it may be 13thc., and a sawtooth stringcourse above it. The N nave arcade includes a waterleaf capital.
41. All Saints, Wilbarston, Northamptonshire, England

Parish church (benefice of Stoke Albany with Wilbarston and Ashley with Weston-by-Welland and Sutton Bassett)
Wilbarston is in the NW of the county, within the ancient forest of Rockingham, and 2 miles from the river Welland that forms the border with Leicestershire. The village stands on a hill, separated from its neighbour, Stoke Albany, only by a stream. The Jurassic Way; a long-distance walkway along the limestone ridge between Stamford and Banbury, passes through the village, and the church is on the N edge of the village. All Saints' has an aisled and clerestoreyed nave with arcades of three bays. The N arcade is carried on cylindrical piers with 12thc. half-column responds at the E and W ends, but the pier capitals are 13thc. moulded work, and the arches must date from c.1300. The S arcade is also much modified. Bay 1, perhaps a transept arch originally, is round-headed and substantially 12thc., while the arches of bays 2 and 3 are 13thc. and pointed. All the capitals are moulded, and the piers cylindrical, except that shafts have been added on the E side of pier 1 to match the arch profile (see below). The S nave doorway is 13thc., under a 19thc. porch, and the N doorway is blocked. The chancel contains a 12thc. priest's doorway. The W tower is late 13thc., short and unbuttressed with a broach spire with two tiers of lucarnes. The church is built of yellow stone throughout. The nave was restored in 1884. Romanesque sculpture is found in the two nave arcades and the S chancel doorway.
42. All Saints, Wittering, Northamptonshire, England

Parish church
All Saints' has a nave with two-bay N aisle, a chancel with a N chapel (RAF chapel) and a N vestry off this, and a W tower with a broach spire. The form of the original church is seen in the long and short quoins at the E end of the chancel, and in the massive chancel arch. This is normally assumed to be Anglo-Saxon (eg by Pevsner) but may postdate the Conquest by a decade or so (see VIII below). The N aisle was added in the mid-12thc., the tower dates from the late 13thc., and the chapel to the early 14thc.. Construction is of Barnack limestone, irregularly cut and coursed. Features reported here are the chancel arch, N arcade and font.
43. St Mary the Virgin, Woodford, Northamptonshire, England

Parish church
St Mary's has a clerestoreyed nave with N and S aisles. The arrangement of the arcades is rather complex. There are six bays on the N and five on the S. The two east bays of each arcade correspond. The next pier W of each arcade is a short section of wall with responds to E and W and transverse arches across nave and aisles. W of this there are four bays in the N arcade but only three in the S, although the arcades are of equal length. This is because the S arcade has pointed arches throughout, and the N round arches. Of this ensemble, the earliest work is in the W section of the N arcade, say c.1190-1210. The two E bays of both arcades date from a decade later; pier 1 of each arcade is cylindrical with a moulded capital and the arches on the N are round, but on the S the round arches have been replaced by pointed ones with an unusual double hollow profile. This modification probably belongs to the later 13thc., and from this period too dates the entire west section of the S arcade. The E part of the present nave was, of course, the chancel originally, with chapels to N and S now integrated into the nave aisles. A new chancel was built to the E in the 13thc., but the present chancel is largely of 1866-67, and by James Fowler of Louth. The remainder of the church was restored in the same period, by William Slater of Northampton. The S nave doorway is covered by a porch, which also incorporates a tiny 13thc. chapel, once vaulted, open to the S aisle. The W tower dates from c.1250, and has a 14thc. ashlar broach spire.
44. St Mary the Virgin, Woodford Halse, Northamptonshire, England

Parish church
St Mary's is an ashlar church with aisled and clerestoreyed nave, Wtower and chancel with N vestry. The nave doorways date fromc.1300; that on the S has a porch, but on the N the doorway now gives access from the church to a small kitchen and lavatory block added in 1999. The tower has diagonal buttresses and reticulated bell-openings indicating an early 14thc. date, and the chancel belongs to the same period. The N nave arcade is generally early 13thc., but one of its capitals is either a reused 12thc. piece or very old-fashioned indeed. The S arcade is 14-15thc. There was a restoration in 1877-78 by Albert Hartshorne of Pinner, when the church was rebuilt except for most of the chancel, the nave arcades, and most of the nave S wall. The rogue capital in the N arcade is all that is described here.