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1. St Mary Magdalene, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, England

Originally the chapel of the Leper Hospital of St Mary Magdalene, now a chapel in the parish of Holy Cross
St Mary Magdalene is a rare example of a substantially complete 12thc. chapel, surviving on a most unlikely site on the busy Newmarket Road, alongside the disused Barnwell Junction railway station, and opposite Cambridge United football ground. It is a small, two-cell church with a square-ended ashlar chancel, originally vaulted, and a pebble nave with brick repairs. The outer angles of both nave and chancel have stone quoin shafts. The roof was renewed in the 15thc. The chapel fell into disrepair and when Cotman illustrated it in 1819 it was in use as a stable. Sir George Gilbert Scott restored it in 1867, and he was responsible for the main W window. 12thc. sculpture includes the lavish N and S doorways and nave and chancel windows, external and internal decorative friezes, the quoin shafts mentioned above, and the chancel arch.
2. St Andrew, Cherry Hinton, Cambridgeshire, England

Parish church
St Andrew's has a fine ashlar-faced chancel of c.1230–40, a five-bay aisled nave with later 13thc. arcades and a W tower with two plain 12thc. windows in its W wall. The plain jambs of the tower arch are 13thc., but the arch itself is four-centred. The nave has no clerestorey now, the one built in the 15thc. having collapsed in 1792. The chancel walls show evidence of Micklethwaite's 1886 restoration. They are of ashlar at the top, and brick (N), pebble rubble (S), or incongruously pebble-dashed (E) below. Micklethwaite would surely accept no blame for the last. The nave is of pebble rubble, restored by Scott in 1870–75, and the tower of ashlar. The nave has N and S doorways, the S under a porch, the N giving access to a modern church hall on this side. Inside the church are a 12thc. grave slab and a plain font.
3. St Peter, Coton, Cambridgeshire, England

Parish church
Aisled nave with N and S porches, chancel and W tower. The nave (except for its aisles) and the chancel are 12thc. The shafted SE angle of the 12thc. nave is still visible outside, while the chancel has 12thc. windows to N and S. The S aisle dates from the 14thc. and was extended W c.1400 at the same time as the tower was built. The N aisle and the porches are late 15thc. The tower is of three storeys with an octagonal stone spire. Construction is of pebble rubble except for the chancel, which is of ashlar. The upper storey of the tower is rendered. The chancel was restored in 1878 by Charles Hodgson Fowler. The S wall was completely rebuilt using ashlar from the E wall, and the Norman window reset. The E wall and an organ recess in the N wall were built entirely new, and the floor was raised. 12thc. features are the font and the chancel windows
4. Denny Abbey, Cambridgeshire, England

Benedictine Priory originally, now part of the Farmland Museum
What survives of the 12thc. work is the nave of two bays with a W doorway and a S aisle arcade, and the crossing with N and S transepts. In the 1340s, when the 12thc. church was converted into private apartments for the Countess of Pembroke, a floor was inserted just below the level of the crossing capitals and the crossing arches were blocked. At the same time the S aisle wall was removed and a new wall built further S, to convert the area into a guest range with an upper hall. The 12thc. work recorded here consists of the crossing arches, the W doorway, the S nave arcade, the windows of the nave and N transept, and an arch in the E wall of the N transept, presumably leading to a chancel aisle originally. Its counterpart in the S transept is largely obliterated by the insertion of a window during the farmhouse phase of the site's history, but its presence is attested by the N jamb and the outer relieving arch, both visible on the E face.
5. St Peter, Duxford, Cambridgeshire, England

Parish church
St Peter's is substantially a 12thc. church of nave, chancel and W tower. Aisles were added to the nave in the 14thc. The W tower, with its twin bell openings, angle shafts and tower arch are all recorded here, as is the font. Construction is of flint and pebble with ashlar dressings and the tower has a lead spike. There was a restoration by Ewan Christian in 1883.
6. Bishop's House (Monks' Kitchen), Ely, Cambridgeshire, England

House, incorporating monastic building
The Bishop's House was formerly the Deanery, a house built into the former Great Hall of the monastery. Residence was transferred from the Dean to the Bishop in 1941. The oldest part of the building is its 13thc. vaulted undercroft, but the Bishop's rose garden, to the NE of the house includes the 12thc. remains of the Monks' kitchen. This is thought to have been a square structure vaulted in nine bays; the central bay, supported on four piers carrying a lantern or louvre. Most of the S and W walls survive, each with a pair of heavy vault responds carrying scallop capitals, and the remains of windows surviving between the responds.
7. Ely Cathedral, Ely, Cambridgeshire, England

Benedictine monastery originally, now Cathedral.
The church begun by Abbot Simeon in 1082 had a 13-bay aisled nave, four-bay aisled transepts, a crossing with a tower, and a four-bay aisled chancel terminating in an apse. At the W end was a second transept with E chapels and a second tower. A western Galilee porch was added in the 13thc. (1198–1215), and the chancel was extended to the E with a six-bay retrochoir, completed in 1252. In 1321 the Lady Chapel was added to the N of the choir, and a year later the crossing tower collapsed. The octagon, built to replace it, was completed by 1342, and in the same campaign the remaining bays of the 11thc. chancel were replaced. The only above-ground survivals of the original chancel are the two easternmost piers of its straight section. Elsewhere in the building, the N section of the W transept collapsed in the late 15thc., and the NW corner of the N transept in 1699. The former was merely consolidated, the latter rebuilt.
8. Ely Infirmary, Ely, Cambridgeshire, England

Monastic infirmary hall and chapel
The infirmary complex lies to the S of the cathedral, E of the E walk of the cloister, to which it was once connected by a vaulted passage known as the Dark Cloister. It consists of a nine-bay aisled hall running E–W, terminated by a stone screen at the E with a doorway or archway into the four-bay nave of the chapel. At the E end of this is a square-ended sanctuary vaulted in two bays. A doorway in the W bay of the chapel N nave aisle gave access to the monks' cemetery. Much of this survives, but it has been incorporated into later buildings. Except for the sanctuary of the chapel the roofs are gone, and the open passage remaining is now called Firmary Lane.
9. St Andrew and St Mary, Grantchester, Cambridgeshire, England

Parish church
Perpendicular nave with a S aisle of 1877 and N doorway under a porch, and a splendid 14thc. chancel with a N vestry. The W tower is dateable by the heraldry of its windows to the time of Bishop Fordham of Ely (1388–1426). The chancel is ashlar faced, the tower of pebble rendered with mortar and equipped with a stumpy lead spire, the nave of pebble with brick repairs, and limewashed except for the 19thc. S aisle. Into the W end of this, the Victorian builders incorporated a number of 12thc. carved stones, presumably from an earlier church on the site. These are described in Section III.3.d below. The report also describes the plain font.
10. St Edmund, Hauxton, Cambridgeshire, England

Parish church
Hauxton has kept its 12thc. aisleless nave and chancel, and the chancel arch between them. The nave terminates at the E end with angle-rolled buttresses. The chancel had an apse originally but is now square-ended. Transepts were added to the nave, but have been removed. The W tower, with its tower arch, is plain Perpendicular. A storeroom has been added to the nave, approached from within through the completely plain N doorway. Construction is of flint and pebble rubble with render on the chancel. 12thc. carved features are the S doorway, one nave window, the chancel arch and possibly the font.
11. All Saints, Kirtling, Cambridgeshire, England

Parish church
12thc. nave with later aisles. The nave is six bays long, and on the N side the Perpendicular arcade is indeed of six bays. The S aisle, raised above the level of the nave, is largely of c.1200 with chamfered round-headed arches and moulded capitals, but the arcade is only four bays long on the inside (bay 4 is Perpendicular). On the outside the aisle is seen to continue westwards for a fifth bay, which acts as a porch for the 12thc. S doorway. This still leaves one unaisled bay, and in this is a small, round-headed, 12thc. window. The chancel has a brick S chapel of c.1500, the North Chapel, built by the first Baron North who died in 1564, and whose tomb it houses. The W tower is Perpendicular, along with the clerestorey of the nave, and it is clear that a major remodelling took place around 1500. Apart from the North Chapel the construction is of flint and pebble with a good deal of render.
12. St Mary, Little Abington, Cambridgeshire, England

Parish church
11–12thc. aisleless nave and W tower with 13thc. chancel. A N transept was also added in the 13thc., partially obscuring an earlier window. Most of the tower is 14thc., along with the tower arch. There is no spire. Construction is of flint and pebble, the prominently pointed Victorian restorations being particularly noticeable here. There was a restoration in 1885 by J. P. St Aubyn, and a complete restoration of the exterior of the tower c.1990. Features recorded are the N and S nave doorways, N nave window and font.
13. St Nicholas, Little Chishill, Cambridgeshire, England

Parish church
The church, largely of flint, stands on a substantial mound, and consists of an aisleless nave with S porch; a 12thc. chancel of clunch rubble lengthened in the 16thc.; and a short two-storey W tower with a pyramid roof. There is a 12thc. window in the N wall of the chancel.
14. Holy Trinity, Meldreth, Cambridgeshire, England

Parish church
Five-bay nave with 14–15thc. S aisle and S porch, aisleless 12thc. chancel with plain, round-headed windows (two on the N and one on the S) and W tower of c.1210–20. The tower and chancel are of rubble masonry with ashlar facings. The nave is of flint with the aisle and porch mortar rendered. There was a restoration in 1887 (datestone), which included the installation of a neo-Norman triplet in the chancel E wall, then in 1960 the top storey of the tower was comprehensively restored. In 1993 a church hall was added to the N, accessible from the church via the original N nave doorway. Features included are the N doorway, the tower arch and the tower windows.
15. St Mary, Swaffham Prior, Cambridgeshire, England

Parish church
There are two churches on the same site: S of St Mary's is the redundant later church of SS Cyriac and Julitta. St Mary's has a four bay Perpendicular aisled nave with a clerestorey and an aisleless chancel, largely dating to Sir Arthur Blomfield's restoration of 1878 but with blocked round-headed windows to N and S. All of this is attached to a spectacular 12thc. W tower with a later doorway under a porch. The tower has a square lower storey with plain windows to N and S; an octagonal second storey on squinches with more elaborate 12thc. windows to N, S and W; a 16-sided third storey with pointed lancets; and a 16-sided later fourth storey with a modern parapet, all surmounted by a lead spike. There are string courses between storeys. Inside, the tower is open for the first three storeys, but the lowest has been vaulted at some point and the W side of the tower arch cut away. Construction is of flint and pebble rubble.
16. St Mary and St Botolph, Thorney, Cambridgeshire, England

Originally Benedictine Abbey, now parish church
What survives of the abbey church begun under Gunter, abbot from 1085, is the five W bays of the nave, with alternating round and compound piers, divided into bays by half-column responds running up from floor to ceiling, where they terminate in a cornice, presumably of 1638. The nave was originally aisled and had a gallery and clerestorey. The aisles have been demolished and the arcade walled below and glazed above. Likewise the gallery arches have been glazed and the roof lowered by the removal of the clerestorey (although the blocked windows of the W bay survive, visible on the exterior). The arcade and gallery arches are thus visible both inside and out. All this remodelling work dates from the rebuilding of 1638. At the W end the Norman buttresses have become the twin turrets of a 15thc. façade, with a Perpendicular W window and doorway. At the E a transept copying the Romanesque work, with vestries and organ in the arms and the altar in the centre, was added by Edward Blore, architect of Buckingham Palace, from 1839-41.
17. St Giles, Tydd St Giles, Cambridgeshire, England

Parish church
St Giles's is a large church with a freestanding tower to the SE. The church has a six-bay aisled nave with late 12thc. or early 13thc. arcades and later N and S doorways, the N under a porch. The present, Perpendicular, clerestory is higher than the original, which can still be seen on the outside as a series of round or slightly pointed arches. The chancel was destroyed in a gale in 1741, although the early 13thc. chancel arch survives. It was rebuilt shorter the following year and finally taken down in the 1868 restoration. This was undertaken by the Rector, Canon John Scott, under the direction of his brother, Sir George Gilbert Scott. Construction is of roughly coursed stones with brick repairs. The freestanding tower, begun in the 13thc., is of three storeys, the lowest of stone rubble, the second rendered for most of its height, and the remainder of brick. The ground floor was originally open on all four sides. The nave arcades and chancel arch are described here, although all probably date from the early years of the 13thc.
18. St Mary and St Andrew, Whittlesford, Cambridgeshire, England

Parish church
12thc. nave and crossing tower, and 13thc. chancel. A S aisle was added to the nave in the 13thc., then in the 15thc. Henry Cyprian's chantry chapel was added to the S of the chancel, contiguous with the S nave arcade. The crossing arches to E and W are also 15thc., but there is evidence of the 12thc. E arch surviving (see below). The top stage of the tower is Perpendicular, and it has a small lead spike. Construction is of flint and pebble with brick repairs. There are 12thc. windows in the N and S faces of the tower, and another in the N wall of the nave. Romanesque features treated here are the font, a tower window carved with a sheela-na-gig, and chevron voussoirs reset outside the chantry chapel.