Chesterton is nearly 2 miles SW of Bicester in E Oxfordshire. St Mary’s church comprises a chancel, a clerestoried nave, N and S aisles, a W tower and a S porch. The transitional N arcade survives from an earlier church, and is composed of three bays with pointed arches, round piers and scalloped capitals. There is a plain Romanesque font at the west end of the nave. The rest of the church was rebuilt in the 13thc.

A church is recorded here as paying tithes to Bec Abbey in 1087. A priest, Osmund the Clerk, and his son are mentioned in a mid-12thc. charter, and there is architectural evidence that the church was rebuilt in the 12thc. It was reconsecrated in 1238 after the chancel was rebuilt and the S aisle added.

St Mary's belongs to the Akeman benefice of Bletchingdon, Great Chesterton, Hampton Gay, Kirtlington, Middleton Stoney, Wendlebury and Weston-on-the-Green.