Castleton is a village in the High Peak district of Derbyshire, at the head of the Hope Valley and overlooked by Peveril Castle, built by William Peveril in 1086 on the ridge that marks the boundary between the Millstone Grit of the Dark Peak and the limestone of the White Peak. The church stands in the village centre and consists of a wide nave with a S porch, W tower and a chancel with a N organ chamber and vestry. The church retains a heavily restored 12thc chancel arch, but the remainder of the building is largely restoration work of c.1837.

The manor of Castleton was held in 1086 by William Peveril, illegitimate son of William the Conqueror, and was rated at 2 carucates. He built Peveril Castle in 1087, and perhaps Castleton's first church too. The manor remained in the Peveril family until 1153, when their entire holdings were forfeited to the crown and as a result of the poisoning of Ranulph Earl of Chester by William Peveril the Younger. Peveril was exiled and Henry II gave the manor to his own son John. It remained in royal hands until Edward III gave it to John of Gaunt and it was absorbed into the Duchy of Lancaster. The advowson of the church remained with the Lord of the Manor.

The chancel arch is heavily restored, especially the chevron order. It is curiously arranged with a species of label to each of the W face orders, and with the 2nd order carried on plain jambs. This may not be the original arrangement.