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St Mary, Shipton-under-Wychwood, Oxfordshire

Location
(51°51′35″N, 1°35′46″W)
Shipton-under-Wychwood
SP 279 180
pre-1974 traditional (England and Wales) Oxfordshire
now Oxfordshire
medieval Lincoln
now Oxford
medieval St Mary
now St Mary
  • John Blair
  • Sarah Blair
  • John Wand
29 October 1993; 11 July 2024

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Description

Shipton-under-Wychwood is a village about 4 mi N of Burford in Oxfordshire. The church of St Mary is at the centre of the village and consists of nave, chancel, N and S aisles, N and S chapels and early 13thc. W tower. Relevant features of interest include the W doorway and the chancel arch, both of which are Transitional in nature, blending elements of Romaneque and Gothic.

History

Shipton probably emerged as a royal estate centre in the middle Anglo-Saxon period. It was a royal manor in 1086. Henry I granted the manor to Hasculf of St Hilary whose grand daughter, Matilda, married first Roger de Clare, Earl of Hertford from whom it descended to the Earls of Hertford. (VCH).

Excavated burials dating from the 9th or 10thc suggest, along with later documentary evidence, a late Anglo-Saxon minster set within a large churchyard, which was subsequently encroached upon. Before 1116 Shipton church and its 20-yardland endowment were given to Salisbury cathedral to support a new cathedral prebend; a vicarage was endowed c1224. In 1116 the patronage of the rectory (ie the right to nominate the prebendary) was granted to Arnulf the falconer and his heirs. (VCH)

The lower stages of the W wall of the tower apparently survive from the W end of a rather earlier nave into which the tower was inserted, and are flanked by the W end walls of 12thc. aisles, each containing a small round-headed window with continuous chamfer. Apparently when the tower was built, the westernmost bays of these aisles were divided off from the rest of the church and survive as self-contained chambers, now at a lower floor level than the nave. The rest of the church, apart from the Transitional chancel arch, was rebuilt in the late 13thc. or later.

Features

Exterior Features

Doorways

Interior Features

Arches

Chancel arch/Apse arches
Comments/Opinions

Both the W doorway and chancel arch are very much of a Transitional character. Given that they contain elements normally found in EE Gothic (such as keeled mouldings and water-holding bases), they may well post-date 1200, but nevertheless show the survival of Romanesque elements such as chevron and trumpet scallops.

Compare the chancel arch with that at Swinbrook.

Bibliography
  1. F. Arnold-Forster, Studies in Church Dedications, London 1899, III, 254.

J. Buckler, Drawing of W doorway in Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Top. Oxon.a.68 No.471.

Historic England Listing 1182700

N. Pevsner and J. Sherwood,The Buildings of England: Oxfordshire, Penguin Books 1974, 758-759.

Victoria County History of Oxfordshire XIX, 2019, 30-81.