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Netherton, Worcestershire

Location
(52°4′21″N, 2°0′52″W)
Netherton
SO 991 416
pre-1974 traditional (England and Wales) Worcestershire
now Worcestershire
medieval Worcester
now Worcester
medieval not confirmed
  • G. L. Pearson

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Description

Remains of 12thc. chapel, of rubble construction, comprising chancel and nave, standing in a garden next to a farmhouse. The gabled end walls stand to full height; half of the N nave wall has been destroyed. There is a tall plain round-headed window with a continuous roll surround in the N wall of the nave, a similar but shorter window set into a modern brick farm outhouse, and a taller plain round-headed light in the S nave wall. Romanesque sculpture is found in the S and N doorways, the former blocked, on reset fragments in the N nave wall outside, in the S nave wall inside and in a farm outbuilding, and on loose fragments stored in a fireplace in the W wall of the nave.

History

In 1086, Netherton was a chapel of Cropthorne, and it never achieved parish status. The chapel was in disrepair by the reign of Edward I but it was later restored. It was again disused by the 16thc. Hobington (1647) described the chapel as 'desolate in antiquity'. The W end was repaired during the 17thc. and converted into a dwelling. According to local tradition, it was used as a schoolhouse. In 1738 it was described as a barn, and this was still the case in the 1900s. Around 1920 the ruin was consolidated and stabilised.

Features

Exterior Features

Doorways

Exterior Decoration

Miscellaneous

Interior Features

Interior Decoration

Miscellaneous

Loose Sculpture

Comments/Opinions

Stratford (in Pevsner 1968, 223 fn.) suggests that the tympanum dates from the second quarter of the 12thc., and refers to tympana with fantastic creatures at Egloskerry, Cornwall, and Wynford Eagle, Dorset. The nailhead beading seen on the tail and jaws is also found on the archivolts of the N doorway, however, which probably dates from the last quarter of the 12thc. Pevsner compares the decoration of the N doorway with the S doorway at Bredon, and Stratford (ibid.) suggests that the same workmen may have executed the W doorway of Eckington, but neither is as grand or accomplished as Netherton. The dimensions of the tympanum in the S nave wall do not exclude the possibility that it was once set in the N doorway. The early history of the building is obscure, and the patron and reason for its elaborate sculptural decoration are unknown.

Bibliography
The Victoria History of the Counties of England. Worcestershire, vol.III, London 1913, 323-24.
Files of the County Archaeological Service (unpublished).
E.A. Barnard, The Ruined Norman Chapel of Netherton near Elmley Castle, Worcestershire. Stourbridge 1921.
C. J. Bond, 'Church and Parish in Norman Worcestershire' in J. Blair (ed.) Minsters and Parish Churches: The Local Church in Transition 950-1200. Oxford University Committee for Archaeology Monograph 17. Oxford 1988, 119-58, 133, 141.
C.E.Keyser, Norman Tympana and Lintels, London 1904, 39, 31.
F.S. Houghton, 'The Parochial and other Chapels of the County of Worcester, together with some account of the development of the Parochial System in the county', Trans. of the Birmingham Archaeological Soc., 45 (1919), 59-61.
T. Habington, A Survey of Worcestershire, ed J. Amphlett. Oxford, 1895-99.
N. Pevsner, The Buildings of England. Worcestershire. Harmondsworth 1968, 46, 223.