The Corpus of ROMANESQUE SCULPTURE in Britain & Ireland
Lincoln (Dorchester to 1085) (medieval)
Parish church
Cranwell is a village in the North Kesteven district of the county, 3 mile NW of Sleaford and 11 miles NE of Grantham. The church stands on the main road through the village and is a small, odd-looking church having a low nave with a flat roof , a N aisle and a S porch, and a tall chancel with a pitched roof. There is no tower but a 17thc bellcote topped by an obelisk finial on the W gable. There is evidence of an 11thc nave to which a 3-bay N arcade was added, and this was later extended to the W by one bay in the 13thc. The chancel arch is 13thc, but the chancel itself is Perpendicular. The N aisle wall was rebuilt in 1812 and whole church was largely rebuilt in a 1903-4 restoration by C. H. Fowler.
Construction is of coarse limestone rubble and ashlar, with ashlar dressings.
Parish church
Coningsby is a small town in the East Lindsey district of the county, 10 miles NW of Boston and 17 miles SE of Lincoln. The church stands on the High Street, and has a W tower, an aisled nave with a S porch, and a polygonal apse rebuilt in 1870. The tower is 14thc with a 15thc embattled parapet; the nave arcades are 13thc work and none of the fabric appears earlier than this. Romanesque sculpture is found on an inverted capital now used as a step for the 14thc font.
Cathedral, formerly Benedictine monastery
The church begun by Abbot Paul of Caen (1077-93) in 1077 had an aisled eastern arm of 4 bays; the central vessel with an apse and the aisles perhaps apsed too (see Fernie 2000, 112), although nothing has been found to clarify the arrangement.The cruciform church had 3-bay transepts; the inner bays corresponding to the nave and chancel aisles, with a pair of stepped chapels on the E side of each. The exterior view from the east would thus have shown an echelon of 7 apses. The nave was originally of 10 bays. The nave elevation is of 3 storeys with a tribune gallery and clerestorey above the arcade. As a whole the articulation is very plain with practically no shafts, probably a result of the building materials used in the construction. The church is largely of flint with re-used Roman brick taken from the Roman site of Verulamium used for strengthening and as dressing where right angles were needed.
The new church was consecrated in 1115, in the abbacy of Abbot Paul's successor Richard d'Aubeney (1097-19), then from the end of the 12thc, Abbot John de Cella lengthened the nave by 3 bays, rebuilding the westernmost bay in the process. He also commissioned a new W front from Hugh of Goldclif, described by Matthew Paris as 'an untrustworthy and deceitful man, but a consummate craftsman'. True to form, Goldclif used up all the money and kept demanding more until the abbot could stand it now longer. Goldclif was dismissed and the incomplete facade left to crumble for want of funding to complete it. After more several delays the W end was eventually completed c.1230 under Abbot William of Trumpington (1214-35). The eastern arm was rebuilt and extended eastwards in the 13th; the work beginning with a rebuilding of the choir aisles from 1235, and including a new presbytery, a feretory for the shrine of St Alban, a retrochoir and a Lady Chapel at the E end. The last of these was completed early in the 14thc. In 1323 bays 5 to 9 of the S nave arcade were rebuilt (to match the Early English work further west) following a collapse.
After the Dissolution of the abbey in 1539 the monastic buildings were sold to Sir Richard Lee for building materials, and the church passed to the town. The east end was converted into a Grammar School, and the remainder became a parish church, apparently ill-maintained. Part of the S nave wall fell through the aisle roof in 1832, and repairs were carried out by L. N. Cottingham. A campaign of restoration was carried out by Sir Gilbert Scott from 1856 to 1877, and he restrored the S nave clerestorey, reroofed the S aisle restored the Lady Chapel and stabilised the crossing tower. He also reunited the E end with the rest of the church. Restoration was continued by Lord Grimthorpe after Scott's death, and his approach was much more intrusive. In the 1880s and '90s he completely rebuilt the west front and the transept facades as well as restoring the Lady Chapel, eastern arm and nave, all at his own expense, and he was heavily criticized for his approach. Meanwhile in 1877 the diocese of St Albans had been consituted, with the abbey as its cathedral. The see initially covered Hertfordshire, Bedfordshire and Essex, although the last of these gained its own see at Chelmsford in 1914.
Parish church
Kingerby is a village in the West Lindsey district, 5 miles NW of Market Rasen. In this quiet, remote hamlet, the church solemnly stands hidden by its sylvan surroundings. It is constructed of squared and coursed ironstone rubble, and is primarily of the 13thc. and consists of a W tower, nave with clerestory, S aisle, S porch and chancel. The former N aisle has been demolished but the 13thc arcade is still visible. The W tower may be 11thc on the evidnce of a small circular window, now inside the church. The nave roof was replaced in 17thc., and the chancel roof in the 19thc. The church was declared redundant in 1980 and is now under the care of the Churches Conservation Trust.
Parish church
Coates is a deserted medieval village in the West Lindsey district, 8.5 mile N of Lincoln. The church stands in farmland and the nearest village is Stow, 1.6 miles to the W. It is a small church with nave and bellcote and chancel. The nave is mostly of the 13thc, and the chancel was restored in 1883-84 by J. L. Pearson. A S porch shown in a drawing of 1793 was removed by Pearson. The S nave door is late 12thc or early 13thc.
Parish church
Markby is a village in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, 10 miles SE of Louth and 3 miles from the east coast. It is built of roughly coursed re-used ashlar and brick with a thatched roof, the only thatched church in the county. It stands to the E of the main rad through the village, and consists of just a nave and chancel. It was apparently rebuilt from the remains of Markby Priory after the Dissolution, and is mainly 17thc., but contains architectural fragments, some as early as the 13thc, and a blocked N doorway which may be 12thc and is the only feature described here.
Parish church
Donington on Bain is a village in the Lincolnshire Wolds in the East Lindsey district of the county, 6 miles SW of Louth and a similar distance N of Horncastle. Donington is on the River Bain, a tributary of the Witham, and the church faces the main road through the village. The unbuttressed W tower of this church is Romanesque, but the bulk of the rest of the structure, consisting of nave and chancel, has been restored. The N nave aisle was removed c. 1779 and the chancel was restored in 1868. The baptismal font is Romanesque and bears a rudimentary carved design.
Parish church
Friskney is a village in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, 12 miles NE of Boston and just over 3 miles NW of the coast. The church stands at the N end of the village centre. It is primarily a Perpendicular church with W tower, nave with five-bay side aisles, clerestory, and a long chancel. The tower is Norman in its lowest parts, the next stages are 13thc and the remainder is Perp. The tower staircase doorway is 12thc as are the N doorway of the nave, fragments of an arch re-used as a base in the churchyard, and a fragment of a grave-cover in the churchyard wall. The aisles were rebuilt by Butterfield in 1879.
Parish church
Since 1877 Lenton has been a part of the City of Nottingham, but in the 11thc it was a village to the W, between Nottingham and Wollaton. New Lenton was built on farmland to the W of Lenton to accommodate the expansion of both the village and the city, especially of the lacemaking industry. The church of the Holy Trinity was built in 1842 by Henry Isaac Stevens, and consists of a nave with aisles, chancel and W tower. It houses the font from Lenton Priory; one of the finest pieces of Romanesque sculpture in the county.
Parish church
Haltham is a village in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, 4 miles S of Horncastle and 17 miles E of Lincoln. The church, comprises a nave with N aisle and a chancel. Construction is of squared greenstone coursed rubble with limestone ashlardressings, and red brick patching and gables. The oldest parts are 12thc and its was restored in 1880 and 1891. It has been redundant since 1977, and is now in the care of the Churches Conservation Trust. Romanesque sculpture is found in the S nave doorway.