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Clitheroe Castle, Clitheroe, Lancashire

Location
(53°52′14″N, 2°23′35″W)
Clitheroe
SD74244167
pre-1974 traditional (England and Wales) Lancashire
now Lancashire
medieval York
now not confirmed
  • Abigail Lloyd
  • Abigail Lloyd
5th December 2021

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Description

The remains of Clitheroe Castle consist today of the Norman keep standing on rocky outcrop dominating the town. The keep is one of the smallest in the country, measuring no more than 10.8m on each side externally and 5.2m internally. It is square with small, flat, pilaster-like corner turrets, one of which contains a spiral staircase. It consists of a single room on three floors, with an extra intra-mural chamber on the 1st floor. The original roof or floor timbers is lost. The main entrance was on the NW elevation at 1st floor level. Entry must have been by an external, wooden staircase. The substantial stepped buttresses are part of the 1848 restoration work.

On the elevations, all apertures are either simple slits - some enlarged at a later date - or round-headed doors which appear to have been rebuilt and renewed or what appear to be breaches in the wall (particularly at ground floor level). It may be that the door apertures on 1st floor level are in their original position, however the jambs and arches appeared to contain rebuilt or newer fabric.

There was no sign of any moulding or decorative work on the extant jambs, lintels or sills.

The museum, occupying the 16thc Steward's House, was visited and checked for any ex situ fragments of stone but none were seen.

History

Although Clitheroe is not mentioned by name in Domesday Book, its castle does appear to be referred to. A bailey is mentioned in 1102 and the castle, with associated chapel of St Michael, are both mentioned in a charter of 1122. The origins and date of the extant keep remain a matter of debate.

The de Lacy family were granted the Honour of Clitheroe in the aftermath of the Norman conquest. Clitheroe was well positioned to monitor trans-Pennine routes. In 1138, Robert de Lacy, Lord of Clitheroe, was defeated by a Scottish army under William Fitzduncan.

By the early 18thc the castle and keep were in ruins. In 1848 the town council repaired the keep. In 1919-1920 the castle and ground were acquired by the council and there was more restoration work undertaken.

Bibliography

S. Ashworth, Clitheroe Castle Museum, 2010.

D. Best, Clitheroe Castle: A Guide, 2006.

Historic England, 2022, National Heritage List for England: Clitheroe Castle (1071553)

N. Pevsner, C. Hartwell, Lancashire: North (Buildings of England), London 2009.

W. Farrer, J. Brownbill, A History of the County of Lancaster: Victoria County History, vol.6, London 1911.