Wroughton is a village about three miles S of Swindon. The church lies to the W of the village, in the hamlet of Elcombe. A dressed stone building, its chancel and aisled and clerestoried nave are datable to a 14th and 15thc remodelling. Its Romanesque N arcade was replaced by the present structure in 1846, when the church was restored by Thomas Henry Wyatt and several 12thc elements, such as the N arcade, were removed; these features are illustrated by a group of watercolours made by John Buckler in 1810. Further restorations were carried out in 1852, in the 1880s, and again in 1905. The only surviving Romanesque sculpture is found on the N and S doorways of the nave.

The church has pre-Conquest origins as it is mentioned in a charter of 956. The Domesday Survey records that 'Elendune' (or 'Ellendune', the ancient name of Wroughton) was a large and rich manor worth £18; there were six mills. In 1066 it was held by Godric, Alnoth, Alwin, and Brictnoth; in 1086 the lordship passed to Robert of Ashton, Humphrey de l'Isle, and Alfred. By 1107 William Giffard, Bishop of Winchester, assigned the church to the Precentor of St Swithun’s Priory in Winchester, but in 1124 he appropriated it. From 1275, Wroughton was held by Robert Daundely and his descendants, as Nicholas of Ely, Bishop of Winchester, relinquished his claims to the manor.