Adwick-le-Street takes its name from the Roman road between Doncasterand Castleford, the suffix distinguishing it from Adwick-on-Dearne. The road also forms part of the parish boundary with Brodsworth. The settlement is named in Domesday Book, but the first mention of a church is when it was given, c.1170x1181, to the Cistercian nuns of Hampole Priory two miles away (Hunter 1828, 352-6; VCH 1913, 163). There is however a reference to Hampole in existence as a Benedictine house in 1156 (English Heritage/National Monuments Record website), in which case the gift, although unrecorded, may have been 1156x1181.