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The church was built on the site of the old church in 1880 by G.E. Street after it had become a parish in 1877. The church contains three short Romanesque columns, kept as fragments at the W end of the new building.
In the Middles Ages, Erlestone was a chapelry to the church of Melksham. The village is not mentioned in Domesday, and the church not wealthy enough to be mentioned in the 1292 Taxatio.
Pevsner sees these fragments as proof of an aisled church on the site of 1130-50.
N. Pevsner and B. Cherry, The Buildings of England: Wiltshire. Harmondsworth 1975, 2nd edition
A History of the County of Wiltshire: Volume 7. Victoria County History, London 1953, pp. 82-6, esp. 84-5.