The present chancel dates from the 13th century, though it was thoroughly restored in the 19th century. This took place in 1863-64 when TH Wyatt removed the 12th century chancel arch. He also rebuilt the nave. The only surviving 12th century carvings are fragments in the nave and the font.

Domesday survey has two entries for Codford (Coteford) but it is unclear whether any of the lands are in what is now Codford St Mary, or whether they relate to Codford St Peter. Part of Codford was held by William de Eu, and subinfeudated to Bernard. This holding was worth £4 in 1066 and £3 in 1086. Other land in Codford was held by Osbern Giffard in 1086, when it was worth 60s. In 1066 it was held by Aelfric and valued at 50s.