Rotherfield Peppard is a small village in SE Oxfordshire, approx. 3 miles W of Henley and 6 miles N of Reading. It has a narrow Thames frontage on which stood a mill from the C11th-20th. The church lies just E of the Common close to the presumed location of the early manor house. Its origins are medieval although mostly concealed beneath later rebuilding. The exterior is flint with stone dressings; the roof is slate. It consists of a nave and chancel and C19th N aisle. Later additions include a tower and modern broach spire emerging from the W nave ridge and gable, S gabled porch and modern N vestry of 1965 and additions of 1981. Romanesque stonework survives in the chancel in the remains of two C12th arches with shafts and capitals in the chancel E wall. There are also three C12th round-headed windows in the chancel, with chamfered external archivolts. The pointed chancel arch is c.1200 with shafts and sculpted capitals, and the tub font is also C12th.

This village is one of a handful locally (see also Rotherfield Greys, Oxon and Harpsden, Oxon) that may have been detached before the Conquest from the royal estate of Benson. The landowner in 1066 was Uluric and in 1086 it was held by Miles Crispin who had acquired it following the Conquest from Wigot of Wallingford along with other properties nearby including Harpsden.

The blind arcading in the E chancel wall was discovered during repairs of c 1875 to the design of William Scott Champion. The C14th E window collapsed during this work revealing the C12th arches. They still carried traces of polychromy, and a contemporary drawing displayed in the chancel shows six-lobed flower designs of 13thc. style on the window splays.